Year: 2002 Language: english Author: Nikolaos Xiros, Dr-Eng Genre: Handbook Format: PDF Quality: eBook Pages count: 219 Description: One of the most typical application paradigms, used widely in introductory control engineering textbooks, is the fly-ball (fly-weight) speed governor employed by James Watt for speed (rpm) regulation of the reciprocating steam engine he invented. The same type of engine, equipped with the same primitive control element, was used for ship propulsion in the early "steamers". The same fly-ball system used by Watt in steam engines, was employed later in the 19th and 20th centuries for speed regulation of internal combustion engines and turbines. The functions incorporated in this device contain all the elements of a modem feedback control loop, integrated, though, in the same physical unit. There is a sensing element (sensor) and a negative-gain, error-amplifying mechanism that generates a driving signal for the hydraulic or mechanical power actuator of the unit. Although simple in its concept, this speed-regulating device remained in service until the end of 70s and 80s with some minor modifications, including the incorporation of electric circuitry for the generation of the actuator driving signals. However, progress in analogue and digital electronics made possible the development of electronic engine control units, which have been proven to be more reliable in service and flexible to cope with variable requirements and contexts of operation. Electronic marine engine control has allowed for the direct implementation of the PID control law with gain scheduling. As the marine control engineers have got rid of the hardware and reliability limitations inherent in mechanicaUhydraulic devices, the focus has moved to the control and regulation of the plant itself. The need of gain scheduling has been imperative, in the first place, as the combustion process in the engine cylinders is highly non-linear. Furthermore, as marine engines are turbocharged, an additional and variable time delay is introduced when the plant is accelerating or decelerating rapidly. Last, but not least, propeller loading introduces non-linearity, as well, and a significant amount of uncertainty and disturbance.
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Robust Control of Diesel Ship Propulsion
Language: english
Author: Nikolaos Xiros, Dr-Eng
Genre: Handbook
Format: PDF
Quality: eBook
Pages count: 219
Description: One of the most typical application paradigms, used widely in introductory control
engineering textbooks, is the fly-ball (fly-weight) speed governor employed by
James Watt for speed (rpm) regulation of the reciprocating steam engine he
invented. The same type of engine, equipped with the same primitive control
element, was used for ship propulsion in the early "steamers".
The same fly-ball system used by Watt in steam engines, was employed later
in the 19th and 20th centuries for speed regulation of internal combustion engines
and turbines. The functions incorporated in this device contain all the elements of a
modem feedback control loop, integrated, though, in the same physical unit. There
is a sensing element (sensor) and a negative-gain, error-amplifying mechanism that
generates a driving signal for the hydraulic or mechanical power actuator of the
unit. Although simple in its concept, this speed-regulating device remained in
service until the end of 70s and 80s with some minor modifications, including the
incorporation of electric circuitry for the generation of the actuator driving signals.
However, progress in analogue and digital electronics made possible the
development of electronic engine control units, which have been proven to be more
reliable in service and flexible to cope with variable requirements and contexts of
operation.
Electronic marine engine control has allowed for the direct implementation of
the PID control law with gain scheduling. As the marine control engineers have got
rid of the hardware and reliability limitations inherent in mechanicaUhydraulic
devices, the focus has moved to the control and regulation of the plant itself. The
need of gain scheduling has been imperative, in the first place, as the combustion
process in the engine cylinders is highly non-linear. Furthermore, as marine
engines are turbocharged, an additional and variable time delay is introduced when
the plant is accelerating or decelerating rapidly. Last, but not least, propeller
loading introduces non-linearity, as well, and a significant amount of uncertainty
and disturbance.
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